SECTION 13: LNW80 DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND SPECIFICATIONSGeneral
The LNW80 base unit measures 16.5"W x 3.5"H x 22"D and
weighs 26 lbs. The base unit contains the CPU, Memory,
Keyboard, Video and peripheral controllers, power supply and
cooling fan. All peripherals and accessories connect to the
LNW80 via connectors on the rear panel. The optional color or
monochrome monitor fits easily on the large surface of the
LNW80 .
The LNW80 is available in TWO different models:
#105000 LNW80 120 VAC 60Hz
NTSC VIDEO (525 LINES USA/JAPAN)
#105001 LNW80 as listed above with optional RGB
interface installed.
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
Processor: Z80A
Features: 158 instructions (with all 78 of the 8080
CPU instructions)
Clock Speed: 4MHz
ROM Wait States: 1 (250ns)
RAM Wait States: NONE
MEMORY
User RAM: 48K Bytes
Graphics RAM: 16K X 6 Bits
Video RAM: 1K Bytes
ROM: 12K Bytes MICROSOFT BASIC-80 (Level 2
compatible)
KEYBOARD
73 KEY expanded professional typewriter style keyboard
including:
1. 11 key numeric pad
2. Control key
3. Shift lock and caps lock keys
4. Localized cursor control keys (arrows)
5. Cassette speed switch (500/1000 baud)
6. Underline key
7. Contains all the TRS-80 Model I keys plus more
The keyboard also includes two RESET (RST) Keys which, when
depressed together, cause a system master reset.
MICROSOFT BASIC-80 Interpreter BASIC Functions:
ABS ASC ATN
CDBL CHRIS CINT
COS CSGN ERL
ERR EXP FIX
FRE FRE($) INKEY$
INP INT LEFTY
LEN LOG MEN
MID$ PEEK POINT
POS RIGHT$ RND
FGN SIN SQR
STR$ STRING$ TAN
USR VAL VARPTR
BASIC Statements:
AUTO CLEAR CLOAD
CLOAD? CLS CONT
CSAVE DATA DEFDBL
DEFINT DEFSGN DEFSTR
DELETE DIM EDIT
END ERROR FOR..TO..STEP/NEXT
GOSUB GOTO IF...THEN...ELSE
INPUT LET LIST
LLIST LPRINT LPRINTTAB
LPRINTUSING NEW ONERROR GOTO
ON..GOSUB ON..GOTO OUT
POKE PRINT PRINT0
PRINTS PRINTTAB PRINTUSING
RANDOM READ REM
RESET RESTORE RESUME
RETURN RUN SET
STOP SYSTEM TROFF
TRON
OTHER FEATURES
Auto Line Numbering
Full Editing Features
Keyboard Rollover
16 Digits Accuracy
Unlimit Array Dimensions
255 Character String Length
Upward Compatible with Disk BASIC
100% TRS80 Model I Level 2 Compatible
VIDEO DISPLAY SPECIFICATIONS Text Modes:
l. 64 Characters per line, 16 lines.
2. 32 Characters per line, 16 lines.
Each character is a 5x8 matrix in a 6xl2 rectangle. The
hardware character generator supports both upper and lower
case (with descenders) for a total of 96 characters and
symbols.
Graphics Display Modes
Table 13.1 - Graphics display mode details
GRAPHICS MODES GRAPHICS RESOLUTION
TEXT MODE 1 TEXT MODE 2 COMMENTS
"0" LOW RES 128X48 64X48 +TEXT
1" HIGH RES BSM 128X48+ 64X48 +TEXT
480X192 240X192 +TEXT
"2" LOW RES COLOR 12SX192 (8) 64X192(8) +TEXT NOTEl
"3" HI RES COLOR 48SX192 pixels 240X192 pixels
color defined by: 128X16 (8) 64X16 (8)
NOTEl: If text is displayed in text mode l and graphics mode 2
then the display will exceed the bandwidth of NTSC video. An
RGB monitor will display this mode accurately, however.
Software Character Generation
Besides using the capabilities of mode 1 and mode 3 for
graphics alone, these modes can be used to extend the TEXT
DISPLAY modes. With the special character generation software
supplied with the LNW80, the following additional text modes
are usable both at the operating system level and from BASICS
STANDARD TEXT MODE GRAPHICS TEXT NODE
l. 64 characters, 16 lines 80 characters, 16 lines OR
88 characters, 24 lines
2. 32 characters, 16 lines 40 characters, 16 lines OR
40 characters, 24 lines
In this software, each character is a 5x8 matrix in a 6xl2
rectangle (16 lines) or a 5x8 matrix in a 6x8 rectangle (24
lines).
VIDEO DISPLAY OUTPUTS
Table 13.2 - Video display output specifications
Standard: OUTPUT SPECIFICATIONS
1 . B&W VIDEO IMPEDANCE: 75 OHM
SIGNAL : 1.8V p-p (+/-.25V)
SYNC : NEGATIVE
2. LOW RES COLOR OUTPUT IMPEDANCE: 75 OHM
SIGNAL : 1.5V p-p (+/-.35V)
SYNC : NEGATIVE
CHROMA : 3.579 MHz (NTSC)
Optional OUTPUT SPECIFICATIONS
3. HIGH RES COLOR IMPEDANCE: 330 OHM
(RGB) SIGNAL : TTL OPEN COLLECTOR
SIGNAL POLARITY
RED, GREEN, BLUE POSITIVE
HORIZONTAL SYNC POSITIVE
VERTICAL SYNC POSITIVE
The following chart defines the display content of the
three display outputs under the four display modes.
DISPLAY MODE # B&W VIDEO LOW RES COLOR HIGH RES COLOR
MODE 0 X X X
MODE 1 X X X
NODE 2 X X
MODE 3 X
Recommended Monitor Types
The following chart details the recommended video
peripherals which can be connected to the LNW80.
Table 13.3 - Video Peripheral Types
OUTPUT DEVICE COMMENTS
B&W VIDEO
l. MONOCHROME MONITOR >10MHz bandwidth
2 VIDEO COLOR MONITOR 32 & 40 CHARS/LINE ONLY
3. TELEVISION SET 32 & 40 CHARS/LINE ONLY
With user supplied
RF modulator
LOWRES COLOR
1. VIDEO COLOR MONITOR 32 6 40 CHARS/LINE TEXT
128X192 COLOR OK,NO TEXT
2. COLOR TELEVISION 32 & 40 CHARS/LINE TEXT
With user supplied 128X192 LIMITED CLARITY
RF modulator
3. MONOCHROME MONITOR USE ON B&W VIDEO OUTPUT
RGB COLOR 1. LOW RES RGB MONITOR GOOD CLARITY IN LOW RES
<320 lines horiz. FAIR CLARITY IN HIGH RES
resolution
2. MEDIUM RES RGB EXCELLENT DISPLAY IN ALL
MONITOR DISPLAY MODES
FLOPPY DISK DRIVE INTERFACE
Drive Types: 5-1/4" and 8" SHUGART compatible
Number of Drives: 4 Single-sided or 3 dual-sided drives
Interface: 34 Contact 5-1/4" floppy drive compatible
Optional 34 to 50 conductor cable adaptor
required to connect 8" disk drives.
Drive Density: Single or Double
Data Separation: Analog Phase Locked Loop
Maximum Storage: 3,550,000 Bytes on 3 dual-sided 8" drives
Other Features
5-1/4" and 8" drives in any mix.
Single and double-density in any mix.
35, 40, 77, 80 track drive support
5-1/4" or 8" system disk (drive 0).
Precision Write Precompensation.
Double-Density Storage Capacity:
Five Inch Drives (formatted storage per drive).
161,280 bytes -35 track ss
322,560 bytes -35 track ds
184,320 bytes -40 track ss
368,640 bytes -40 track ds
368,640 bytes -80 track ss
737,280 bytes -80 track ds
Eight Inch Drives (formatted storage per drive).
591,360 bytes -77 track ss
1,182,720 bytes -77 track ds
PRINTER INTERFACE
Type: Industry Standard Centronics 8-bit parallel
100% TRS-80 compatible
NOTE: The RS232C serial communication interface can be
configured for operation with printers which require a serial
RS232 port. Routing the printer output from most application
software requires that a program (listing supplied in the
LNW80 computer documentation) be resident (usually high
memory) in memory. Software which uses its own printer driver
software may not function with this arrangement.
CASSETTE INTERFACE
Format: Amplitude Nodulated.
TRS-80 Model I and III (500 baud only)
compatible.
Data Rate: Baud Rate CPU Speed
500 1.77MHz
1000 4.00MHz
Recorder Type: Inexpensive Battery or Line-Powered Portable.
RS232-C ASYNCHRONOUS SERIAL INTERFACE
Type: Full Duplex.
Handshaking: Fully supported under software control.
Baud Rates: Switch selectable at the following rates:
110, 155, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600
Parity: Even, odd, or disabled (sofware selectable)
Word Length: 5, 6, 7, 8 BITS (software selectable).
Stop Bits: 1, 1.5, 2 (software selectable),
Connector: FEMALE DB25, mounted on the rear panel.
Config: Factory configured to connect to Data
Communication Equipment (DCE, e.g., modems).
Proper cable wiring will allow connection of
Data Terminal Equipment (DTE, e.g., serial
printers and other LNW80 computers).
TERMINAL EMULATION CAPABILTY
A large amount of dumb and intelligent terminal software is
available to run on the LNW80. A listing of a dumb terminal
program is supplied in the LNW80 documentation.
EXPANSION PORT
This 40-pin CPU bus has all the ADDRESS, DATA, and control
lines to expand the capabilities of the LNW80. This bus is
electrically equivalent to the SCREEN PRINTER" bus on the
TRS-80 Model I. Here are just some of the products which
connect to the EXPANSION BUS and are available from
independent hardware suppliers:
* Exatron Stringy Floppy
* Eprom add-on memory/ programmers
* Corvus Hard Disk/ Constellation
* TCHRON-Battery-powered clock calender
* Data aquisition equipment
* Industrial controllers
* Speech synthesizers
* Voice recognition equipment
* Orchestra85-stereo,multi-voice,music synthesizer
PLUS ANY ACCESSORY designed to connect to the TRS-80
Model I screen printer port.
REAL TIME CLOCK
Type: Interrupt "heartbeat" type
Frequency: 40 HZ
NOTE: The real time clock feature is not available on the
cassette only systems without one of the following programs:
1. Microsoft Level 3 BASIC
2. Radio Shack Real Time Clock Cassette program
WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO CHANGE SPECIFICATIONS WITHOUT NOTICE
LNWBASIC (C) MODULAR SOFTWARE ASSOCIATES
AN ADVANCED DISK BASIC FOR THE LNW80
Specifications
LNWBASIC provides an EXTENSION to the DISK BASIC in
DOSPLUS, NEWDOS80 2.0, or TRS-DOS 2.3 to add high resolution
graphics, color, special keyboard functions, sound, RS232
communications and advanced programming commands. LNWBASIC
features a CREATOR which allows the user to select from the
more than 40 new commands to make a custom-tailored BASIC
interpreter. Syntactically similar to the R/S Color Computer
Extended Color Basic, LNWBASIC offers such commands as DRAW,
LINE, COLOR, CIRCLE, MODE and SOUND. The following is a brief
list of the commands:
BLINK - Switch blinking cursor on/off
CALL - Execute a machine-language subroutine
CIRCLE - Draw circle with parameters
COLOR - Set color for mode 2 graphics (color)
CONV - Convert input to hex, decimal, or ASCII
DEFKEY - Modify 10 user-definable keys
DISKEY - Display the current set of defined keys
DLOAD - Load an object code file from disk
DO/UNTIL - Do/Until construct
DRAW - Draw lines with Turtle Graphics, rotation and
scale parameters
DRUN - Exit LNWBASIC and execute disk object program
EXIT - Exit LNWBASIC to DOS
FLS - Fill the text screen with ASCII character
GSUB - GOSUB or
Drive
Pins Pulled
Drive Select Line
0
12, 14, 32
10
1
10, 14, 32
12
2
10, 12, 32
14
3
10, 12, 14
32
Tandy sells the FIRST drive with the cable and the
termination installed. The second, third and fourth drives do
not have the termination installed. They sell the first drive
as a different part from the rest. The following chart
illustrates the drive select lines on the cable and the
drive:
Table B.l - Drive Select Lines on Cable 6 Drive
(* = Early Generation Drives
** = Later Generation Drives)
Disk Drive
Drive Select
Disk Drive Pinout
Interface Pinout
0
DS1
10
10
1
DS2
12
12
2
DS3
14
14
3 *
N/A
N/A
32
3 **
DS4
6
N/A
If it is so simple, why are we spending so much time
talking about it? Because before too long, Tandy wasn't the
only company selling disk drives for the Model I. There were
VISTA, MTI, PERCOM, AEROCOMP and many others trying to sell
drives a little less expensive. These firms do not actually
build the disk drive mechanism and electronics themselves
(neither did Tandy at the time). They simply purchase the disk
drive from manufacturers such as TANDON, MPI, SHUGART, TEAC,
QUME, PERTEC and others and supply the disk drive installed
with a power supply in a metal enclosure. This made life
difficult since these firms supplied little, if any
documentation, to assist the first-time computer owner. This
mail-order business grew rapidly since the lower prices
attracted many.
The powerpack on the back of the Radio Shack supplied
TRS-80 disk drive allowed the case to be designed to allow the
cable to be connected from outside the drive. When the user
adds a new drive to his system, he simply plugs the cable into
the rear of the drive. The other manufacturers, in their
effort to save a few dollars, have designed drive cases with
the power supply inside the case, thus making it too deep for
the disk drive's edge card to be accessible from the outside
of the drive. So what happens next? Extender cables must be
used to allow the edge card to be extended to the rear of the
case, making it accessible without opening the drive's case.
Are our problems now solved? No, they just began...
Double-Sided Disk Drives: Two Heads Are Better than One
Double-sided disk drives meant another problem for the disk
drive business. Pin 32 of the Radio Shack interface and the
LNW SYSTEM EXPANSION was used for the fourth drive select, and
the disk drive manufacturers (of these new dual-sided drives)
used that pin for the side select control. This did mean that
through a bit of luck double-sided disk drives could be easily
configured for operation by using the fourth drive select as
the side select. But it did not happen that easily.
When double-sided drives were introduced, no operating
system would support double-sided operation. The disk drive
manufacturers did not modify the drives when they sold them,
but instead provided difficult instructions for the user to
modify the drive himself, This modification used the drive
selects to select a different side of the same drive. It was
messy, very difficult to do, and it never caught on. When
double-sided operation was finally accepted by the operating
system companies (NEWDOS80 and DOSPLUS) there were differences
in opinion on how it would be implemented. Dosplus 3.3 treats
each side of a double-sided disk as a separate volume with its
own directory, On Dosplus 3.4, this would be changed and
double-sided operation would allow each dual-sided diskette to
represent one volume with only one directory. Newdos80 V2.0
and LDOS 5.0 and 5.1 have a similar structure.
Double-Density Catches On
Double-density operation became popular with the PERCOM
DOUBLER. LNW Research released the LNDoubler soon after. After
that, a wide variety of doublers appeared. Even Tandy has
introduced a doubler. Eight-inch drives became popular with
the OMIKRON CP/M adaptor and eight-inch adaptor board. When
the LNDoubler 5/8 was announced, eight-inch support for
double-density had already been developed by Microsystems
(DOSPLUS 3.4) and by Apparat (NEWDOS80 VERSION 2).
Double-density also provided its own problems. Shugart SA400
drives (early Tandy drives) would only access 35 tracks, and
the drive heads did not have adequate resolution for
double-density operation. The OLD Shugart SA800,801 8-inch
disk drives (newer 800, 801's work perfectly) also did not
have the resolution for double-density operation. The newer
Shugart drives, and almost all other drives, can handle
double-density operation with no problem.
Number of tracks, head-stepping rate, and bead-load delay
have also been drive parameters that have caused some
interfacing problems between operating systems and disk
drives. Drives should be configured such that when the motor
comes on, the heads load regardless of the drive select. Be
sure to set the stepping rate (programmable in DOSPLUS and
NEWDOS80) to the appropriate setting. These operating systems
are initially set at 40ms (milliseconds) and should work with
any disk drive as initially configured.
Configuring 5-1/4 Inch Drives
The pulled-pin cable will work adequately with four
single-sided drives, but fails to function with the dual-sided
drives, since pin 32 (side select) is only available to the
last drive on the cable. A pulled-pin cable may be "fixed" by
removing the keys in the cable-connectors (small piece of
plastic that prevents the connector from being plugged in
backwards) and turning the cable around. The pulled pins will
then become unused ground lines, and all the drive selects
will be available on each connector. This means that the
drives themselves must be designed to accomodate the drive
selection on the drive and not on the cable. Older drives did
not have four drive-select positions, but this is not
important since we are using up to 3 dual-sided drives.
Table B.2 shows the pin specifications for the 34-pin drive
bus.
Pin #
Description
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
Not Used
Not Used
Not Used
Index
Drive Select 1
Drive Select 2
Drive Select 3
Motor On
Direction Select
Step
Write Data
Write Gate
Track 0
Write Protect (Active Low)
Read Data
Side Select (Dual Sided Drives)
Not Used
The following describes the configuration shunt settings
for the most popular minifloppy disk drives. Double-sided
drives already use pin 32 for the side select.
MPI Disk Drives
This description follows for these models only:
51, 52, 91 and 92
ShuntDescriptionNo Pins PulledPins Pulled
1 Head load on select Open
2 Drive select 1 On if drive 0 On
3 Drive select 2 On if drive 1 On
4 Drive select 3 On if drive 2 On
5 Mux Open Open
6 Drive select 4 On if drive 3 On
Note: If drive 4 is selected, a jumper must be installed
between pin 32 and pin 6 of the edge card. For double-sided
operation, do not use more than three drives total.
Tandon Disk Drives
Models TM100-1,TM100-2,TM100-3 and TM100-4
Shunt Pins at 1E
ShuntDescriptionCorrect Setting
1 Head load on select Open
2 Drive select 1 On if drive 0
3 Drive select 2 On if drive 1
4 Drive select 3 On if drive 2
5 Drive select 4 On if drive 3
6 MUX Open
7 Not used
8 HM On
Note: If drive 4 is selected, a jumper must be installed
between pin 32 and pin 6 of the edge card. For double-sided
operation, do not use more than three drives total.
Siemens/Wangco Model 82ShuntDescriptionCorrect Setting
1 Head load on select Open
2 Drive select 1 On if drive 0
3 Drive select 2 On if drive 1
4 Drive select 3 On if drive 2
5 Mux Open
6 Not used
7 Head load, motor on On
Note: If configuring for drive number 4, a wire must
connected between pin 32 of the edge card and pin 1 of IC 1D.
All the rest of the drive selects should be off.
Teac Model FD50 SeriesSwitchDescriptionNo Pins PulledPins Pulled
HS Head load on select Open
DSO Drive select 0 On if drive 0 On
DSl Drive select 1 On if drive 1 On
DS2 Drive select 2 On if drive 2 On
MX MUX Open Open
DS3 Drive select 3 On if drive 3 On
HM Head load on motor On On
Note: If configuring for drive number 4, a jumper must be
installed between pin 32 and pin 6 of the edge card. For
double-sided operation, do not use more than three drives
total.
Other 5-1/4 Inch Drives
If you have a drive that is not listed above, refer to the
user manual for that disk drive. Most drives are similar to
one of the above types.
Eight-inch Drives
Eight-inch disk drives have a 50-pin edge card to interface
to a 50-pin cable instead of the 34-pin cable used on the
5-1/4" drives. It is then necessary to use some type of
cable-adaptor between a 34-pin cable connected to the rear of
the LNW80 and a 50-pin disk drive cable for the 8" drives.
This 34-to-50 pin cable-adaptor is available from your
computer retailer under the LNW part number 1096, and it has
two gold contact edge cards which mate the 34-pin cable and
the 50-pin cable. The 34-pin cable must not be of the
pulled-pin type since missing pins will not allow drive select
lines to pass to the 8" drive 50-pin cable. Here is a drawing
to illustrate a typical multidrive setup with both 5-1/4" and
8" disk drives. Note that an 8" disk drive may be the system
disk (drive select 0) if the 5/8 SWITCH inside the LNW80 is
positioned to the 8" side. (See Figure 5.4 - 5/8 switch in
action).
Configuring 8-inch Drives
The LNW80 is designed to interface with 8" disk drives
without the drives themselves requiring modification. As with
5-1/4" disk drives, drive select shunts or switches on the
drives themselves, as well as termination resistors must be
properly configured. Note that termination resistor packs are
still only required on one of the disk drives. A properly
configured disk drive and cable requires only the simple
connection between the 34-pin cable, the cable-adaptor and the
50-pin 8" drive cable, Proper configuration for drives and
cables should be provided by your computer dealer. In the
event that the computer retailer cannot provide this
configuration or you have drives that are not configured
properly or there is some aspect of the configuration that you
do not understand, this section is written for you.
Eight-inch Disk Drive Specifications
Eight-inch disk drives are different from five-inch drives
in many ways. As mentioned earlier, the interface between the
drive and the controller is a 50-pin bus. The pin
specifications for the 50-pin bus are given below.
Table B.3 - Pin Specifications for the 50-pin 8-inch
Drive Bus
Ground or Lower Write
Not Used / Reserved
Not Used
Not Used
Two Sided (Not Used)
Disk Change (Not Used)
Side Select (Dual-sided drives)
Activity / In Use
Head Load (Not Used)
Index
Ready (Not Used)
Not Used
Drive Select 1
Drive Select 2
Drive Select 3
Drive Select 4
Direction Select
Step
Write Data
Write Gate
Track 0
Write Protect (Active High)
Read Data
Not Used
Not Used
Note: In the eight-inch drive manuals, - "NOT USED" may be
referred to as alternate I/0 or reserved.
If the drive that you would like to use has a cable
interface that differs radically from the above, then it is
possible that you do not have a Shugart-compatible disk drive.
If that's the case, then it will not properly interface with
the LNW80. The following drives are the ONLY drives that have
been used extensively with the LNW80 computer and the DOSPLUS
3.4 operating systems
Table B.4 - 8 Inch Drives Tested With LNW80 & DOSPLUS 3.4.
MANUFACTURER
MODEL NUMBER
SIDES
Shugart
Shugart
Qume
Tandon
Tandon
SA800/801
SA850/851
DATA TRACK 8
TM848-1
TM848-2
Single
Dual
Dual
Single
Dual
Eight-inch drives also provide more configuration options.
Luckily, most of the manufacturers have retained the Shugart
notation for the most part. The proper configuration for the
drives is such that the drives have not been modified in any
manner, and the jumper (or trace) options are installed just
as the drive is delivered from the factory.
Some 8-inch drives that are sold through many mail-order
disk drive firms, are specially configured for other
computers, and may not operate on the LNW80 as configured.
Make sure that the drive that you purchase is configured just
as it came from the factory OR CONFIGURED SPECIFICALLY FOR THE
LNW80 COMPUTER. The proper configuration for the drives listed
in Table B.5 is detailed below.
Shugart SA800/801:
There is a bit of confusion between the Shugart SA800 and
SA801. The correct drive is the SA800. An SA801 can be easily
converted to an SA800 by moving the shorting plug on the
drive’s PCB from the 801 position to the 800 position. The
summary of the correct option settings is listed below:
Table B.5 - Correct Option Settings for Shugart
SA80 0/80 I.
Trace Designator
Description
Correct Setting
T3,T4,T5,T6
T1
T2
DS1
DS2
Ds3
DS4
RR
RI
R,I,S
HL
DS
WP
NP
8,16,32
D
2,4,6,8,10,
12,14,16,18
D1,D2,D4,DDS
A,B,X
C
Z
Y
DC
Termination for mux inputs
For last drive on cable
Termination for drive select
Spare termination
Drive select 1 - drive 1
- others
Drive select 2 - drive 2
- others
Drive select 3 - drive 3
- others
Drive select 4 - drive 4
- others
Radial ready
Radial index 6 sector
Ready, Index, Sector alternate
Stepper power from head load
Stepper power from drive
select
Enable write protect feature
Disable write protect
8,16,32 Sectors (801 only)
Alternate input-in use
Nine alternate I/0 pins
Drive select decode option
Radial head load
Alternate input-head load
In use from drive select
In use from head load
Alternate output-disk change
Open
Closed
Closed
Open
Closed
Open
Closed
Open
Closed
Open
Closed
Open
Closed
Closed
Closed
Closed
Open
Closed
Open
Don't care
Open
Open
Open
Closed
Open
Closed
Open
Open
NOTE: The above options are selected via pins or circuit
trace. CLOSED means that either a Berg pin-shorting-plug or a
circuit trace is making continuity. OPEN means that a
shorting-pin is not present or that the circuit etch is
broken. For more information, refer to the SA800/801 diskette
storage drive OEM manual.
Qume Data Track 8
The Data Track 8 (DT-8) is a Shugart-compatible, dual-sided
disk drive that is compatible with the LNW80 computer. It has
virtually the same option settings and factory configuration
as the Shugart SA850. It should require no modification other
than the setting of the drive selects and the proper
termination, The termination resistors consist of two (2)
dual-inline IC type packages mounted in sockets on the disk
drive's PCB. They should only be installed in the last drive
on the cable. Remember that only one set of termination
resistors is required for both 5" and 8" drives. A 16-pin dip
shunt is provided for the seven most commonly used trace cut
options. These options include:
Table B.6 - Qume Data Track 8 Option Settings
Trace Designator
Description
Correct Setting
R
I
HL
A
B
X
Z
READY IN THE MUX MODE
INDEX IN THE MUX NODE
STEPPER POWER FROM HEAD LOAD
DRIVE SELECT ACTIVE
DRIVE SELECT ACTIVE
HEAD LOAD ACTIVE ON DRIVE SLCT
IN USE FROM DRIVE SELECT
CLOSED
CLOSED
CLOSED
CLOSED
CLOSED
CLOSED
CLOSED
This shunt should be installed with no positions broken.
OTHER OPTION SETTINGS
Table B.7 - Other Option Settings for 8 Inch Drives.
TRACE DESIGNATOR DESCRIPTION CORRECT SETTING
DS1 DRIVE SELECT 1 FOR DRIVE l: CLOSED
OTHERS: OPEN
DS2 DRIVE SELECT 2 FOR DRIVE 2: CLOSED
OTHERS: OPEN
DS3 DRIVE SELECT 3 FOR DRIVE 3: CLOSED
OTHERS: OPEN
DS4 DRIVE SELECT 4 FOR DRIVE 4: CLOSED
OTHERS: OPEN
RR RADIAL READY CLOSED
RI RADIAL INDEX AND SECTOR CLOSED
R,I READY, INDEX ALTERNATE CLOSED
HL STEPPER POWER FROM HEAD LOAD CLOSED
DS STEPPER POWER FROM DRIVE SELECT OPEN
WP ENABLE WRITE PROTECT FEATURE CLOSED
NP DISABLE WRITE PROTECT OPEN
D ALTERNATE INPUT-IN USE OPEN
6,8,l0,12,
16,18,24 SEVEN ALTERNATE I/0 PINS OPEN
Dl,D2,D4,DDS DRIVE SELECT DECODE OPTION OPEN
A,B,X RADIAL HEAD LOAD CLOSED
C ALTERNATE INPUT-HEAD LOAD OPEN
Z IN USE FROM DRIVE SELECT CLOSED
Y IN USE FROM HEAD LOAD OPEN
2S ALTERNATE OUTPUT DISK 2 SENSE OPEN
DL DOOR LOCK LATCH OPEN
Bl-B4 TWO, DOUBLE SIDED DRIVE SELECT OPEN
S2 HEAD SELECT FROM SIDE SELECT CLOSED
Sl,S3 CONFIGURATION FOR HEAD SELECT OPEN
NOTE: The above options are selected via pins or circuit
trace. CLOSED means that either a Berg pin-shorting-plug or a
circuit trace is making continuity. OPEN means that a
shorting-pin is not present or that the circuit etch is
broken. For more information refer to the Qume Memory Products
Data Trak 8 Maintenance Manual.
Tandon 848-1 and 848-2
These drives are the single (-1) and dual-sided (-2) disk
drives that occupy one-half the space of a standard 8-inch
drive. These drives also feature DC-only operation. These
drives do not have a head-load solenoid as a standard feature
(the heads are loaded all the time). WE RECOMMEND, for the
sake of media and head wear, that the spindle motor should be
configured to be turned on and off by the MOTOR ON line on the
output of the LNW80 disk controller. This modification
procedure is detailed in the next section. The TM848 is fully
Shugart-compatible, with the following exceptions:
Table B.8 - TM848 Exceptions to Shugart Compatibility
PIN #
DESCRIPTION
COMMENTS
6 18
MOTOR OFF NOT USED
WILL BE MODIFIED TO BE MOTOR ON IS HEAD LOAD ON OTHER DRIVES
The factory options are configured via a DIP shunt at U3,
pins and circuit traces. The factory settings require no
changes with the exception of drive selects and the removal of
the termination resistor DIP pack from all the drives except
the last drive on the cable. Table B.9 is a summary of the
factory selected options.
Table B.9 - TM848 Factory Selected Options
Trace Settings
Description
Correct Settings
R READY IN THE MUX MODE CLOSED
I INDEX IN THE MUX MODE CLOSED
HL STEPPER POWER FROM HEAD LOAD CLOSED
A DRIVE SELECT ACTIVE CLOSED
B DRIVE SELECT ACTIVE CLOSED
X HEAD LOAD ACTIVE ON DRIVE SLCT CLOSED
Z IN USE FROM DRIVE SELECT CLOSED
This shunt should be installed with no positions broken
Other Options
Table B.10 - Other Options for the Tandon 848-1
and 848-2 Drives.
TRACE DESIGNATOR DESCRIPTION CORRECT SETTING
DS1 DRIVE SELECT 1 FOR DRIVE 1: CLOSED
OTHERS: OPEN
DS2 DRIVE SELECT 2 FOR DRIVE 2: CLOSED
OTHERS: OPEN
DS3 DRIVE SELECT 3 FOR DR1VE 3: CLOSED
OTHERS: OPEN
DS4 DRIVE SELECT 4 FOR DRIVE 4: CLOSED
OTHERS: OPEN
RR RADIAL READY CLOSED
RI RADIAL INDEX AND SECTOR CLOSED
R,I READY, INDEX ALTERNATE CLOSED
DS STEPPER POWER FROM DRIVE SELECT OPEN
WP ENABLE WRITE PROTECT FEATURE CLOSED
NP DISABLE WRITE PROTECT OPEN
DC ALTERNATE DISK CHANGE OPEN
D ALTERNATE INPUT-IN USE OPEN
Z IN USE FROM DRIVE SELECT CLOSED
2S ALTERNATE OUTPUT DISK 2 SENSE OPEN
DL DOOR LOCK LATCH (OPTIONAL) OPEN
Bl-B4 TWO, DOUBLE SIDED DRIVE SELECT OPEN
S2 HEAD SELECT FROM SIDE SELECT CLOSED
Sl,S3 CONFIGURATION FOR HEAD SELECT OPEN
Y (OPTIONAL) IN USE FROM HEAD LOAD OPEN
HL (OPTIONAL) STEPPER POWER FROM HEAD LOAD CLOSED
MC1 MOTOR ON CONTROL FROM PIN 4 CLOSED
Configuring the TM848 for MOTOR-ON Controlled Operation
If the TM848 that you are using does not have the HEAD LOAD
SOLENOID OPTION OR it is desired that the TM848 motor control
operates like a minifloppy (for noise or media wear
considerations), the following procedure can be performed to
configure the drive to operate in this manner:
1. Modify the Disk Drive:
Install a jumper from Pin 6 of the drive’s 50-pin edge card
(a pad is provided at MC2) to U35-10 (available at one side of
jumper strap M2). This can be accomplished using a 30 AWG wire
of sufficient length soldered properly and mechanically
secured with some type of glue or tape to keep it close to the
surface of the PCB. Refer to the silkscreen on the circuit
board and, if possible, the schematic diagrams (Tandon Dwg. #
210092-00) and the technical documentation on the drive.
2. Install a Jumper on the 34 to 50 Cable Adapter
The motor-on control (from the 5-1/4" 34-pin cable) should
then be routed to Pin 6 of the 50-pin 8" disk drive bus so
that the motor-on control will drive the 8" disk drive(s).
This can be accomplished by installing a jumper (soldering a
small wire) across the pads that are conveniently provided on
the 34-to-50 pin adaptor-cable LNW STK# 1096. To find these
unmarked pads, simply trace Pin 6 of the 50-pin side to a
"dead end" pad. Another pad is located nearby and should be
connected to Pin 16 of the 34 pin 5-1/4" side of the adaptor
board.
Other Considerations.
Now that the 8" drives act similar in nature to the 5-1/4"
drives, there is a small problem with the DOSPLUS 3.4
operating system. DOSPLUS does not wait for the drive to come
up to speed on the 8" disk drives (since this burdens the
performance of the other type of drives). In order to use
DOSPLUS, a patch is required to allow the disk drive adequate
time for the drive to come up to speed. Here it is:
5-1/4 or 8 Inch System Disk
Using the DISKZAP utility program in DOSPLUS, modify the
following two bytes ON A BACKUP OF YOUR DOSPLUS MASTER
DISKETTE:
Track: F
Sector: 3
Bytes
Was
Should Be
CF D0
20 09
00 00
Table B.11 - Zaps to 5-1/4 or 8 Inch System Disk
APPENDIX C: DRAWING PROGRAM FOR LNWBASIC MODE 1
10 '...DRAWING PROGRAM - This program allows you to draw
20 '...lines and circles on the screen
30 CLEAR200:CLS:PCLS:MODE 1
40 GSUB #"MENU"
60 DRAW"B,M240,96" ' Start at centre of screen
90 CLS:PCLS
100 IN$="UDLREFGHBZCSO"
120 A=PEEK(SH4099)IFA=0THEN120
140 A$=CHRS(A)
160 AX=INSTR(IN$gA$)
180 ON AX GOSUB
500,500,500,500,500,500,500,500,600,700,800,900,950
190 GOT0100 '...Erroneus entry disregarded
499 '...Main draw section
500 B$=A$
520 DO
540 DRAWAS+"1"
560 A=PEEK(kH4099):A$=CHR$(A)
580 UNTIL (A$
900 INPUT"Name of graphics screen to be saved ";S$
910 PSAVE S$: CLS: RETURN
950 INPUT"Name of graphics screen to be loaded ";O$
960 PLOAD O$: CLS: RETURN
1000 4"MENU"
1010 PRINT @0,STRING$(64,131)
1020 PRINT @85,"DRAWING PROGRAM MENU"
1030 PRINT @128,STRING$(64,131)
1040 PRINT @259,"By pressing any of the keys U,D,L,R,E,F,G or
H, you may draw lines as indiated in the diagram"
1050 DRAW"B,N100,120"
1060 DRAW"N,U20,N,D20,N,L20,N,R20,N,E20,N,F20,N,G20,N,H20"
1070
PRINT@460,"H";:PRINT@464,"U";:PRINT@469,"E";:PRINT@651,"L";:P
RINT@662("R";
1080 PRINT0780,"G";:PRINT@784,"D";:PRINT@789,"F";
1090 PRINT@480,"Z = Zero (erase) last line ";:RINT@544,"B =
Move to new start point";
1100 PRINT@800,"Press space-bar to halt a line";
1110 PRINT@608,"C = Draw circle";
1120 PRINT@896,"S = Save graphics screen";: PRINT@928,"0 =
Load graphics screen";
1130 A=PEEK(&H4099): IF A=0 THEN 1130 ELSE RETURN
APPENDIX EGLOSSARY
access
The operation of seeking, reading or writing data on a storage
unit (in this case, the diskette).
access time
The time that elapses between any instruction being given to
access some data and that data becoming available for use.
address
An identification (number, name, or label) for a location in
which data is stored.
algorithm
A computational procedure.
alphanumeric (characters)
A generic term for numeric digits and alphabetic characters.
alphanumeric string
A group of characters which may include digits, alphabetic
characters, punctuation characters and special characters, and
may include spaces. (Note: a space is a ’character' to the
computer, as it must generate a code for spaces as well as
symbols.)
ASCII
Abbreviation for American Standard Code for Information
Interchange. Pronounced: ’ass-key'. Usually refers to a
standard method of encoding letter, numeral, symbol and
special function characters, as used by the computer
industry.
assembly language
A machine-oriented language for programming mnemonics and
machine readable code from the mnemonics.
base
Quantity of characters for use in each of the digital
positions of a numbering system.
base 2
The 'binary’ numbering system consisting of more than one
symbol, representing a sum, in which the individual quantity
represented by each figure is based on a multiple of 2.
base 10
The 'decimal' numbering system HMD consisting of more than one
symbol, representing a sum, in which the individual quantity
represented by each symbol is based on a multiple of 10.
base 16
The 'hexadecimal’ numbering s stem HMD consisting or more than
one symbol representing sum, in which the individual
quantity represented by eac symbol is based on a multiple of
16.
binary
See ’base 2'
bit
a. single 'binary’ digit whose value is 'zero' or 'one'.
Boolean
This word isn't really bere (for you folks who paid attention
to the general information section). A form of algebra applied
to binary numbers which is similar in form to ordinary
algebra. It is especially useful for logical analysis of
binary numbers as used in computers.
'BOOT' -- BOOTSTRAP
A machine language program file that is put onto every
diskette by the 'FORMAT' routine. This routing is invoked when
reset or power-on occurs. It automatically loads the necessary
programs (SYS0/SYS) to cause the computer to respond to the
DOS commands; i.e., the machine is 'BOOTSTRAPPED' or ’BOOTED'
into operation,
buffer
A small area of memory used for the temporary storage of data
to be processed.
buffer track
A track on a diskette used for the temporary storage of data
or program material during a recovery process.
bug
A Software fault that results in the malfunction of a program.
May also refer to hardware malfunctions.
byte
Eight ’bits'. A 'byte' may represent any numerical value
between '0' and '255'.
command file
A file consisting of a list of commands, to be executed in
sequence.
contiguous
Adjacent or adjoining.
control code
In programming, instructions which determine conditional jumps
are often referred to as control instructions and the time
sequence of execution of instructions is called the flow of
control.
CRC error
Cyclic Redundancy Check. A means of checking for errors by
using redundant information used primarily to check disk I/0
while verifying
data base
A collection of interrelated data stored together with
controlled redundancy to serve one or more applications. The
data are stored so that they are independent of programs which
use the data. A common and controlled approach is used in
adding new data and in modifying and retrieving existing data
within a data base. A system is said to contain a collection
of data-based information if they are disjoint in structure.
data-base management system
The collection of software required for using a data base.
data element
Synonymous with ’data item' or 'field’
data type
The form in which data is stored; i.e., integer, single
precision, double precision, ’alphanumeric' character strings
or 'strings'.
DEC
Initials for Directory Entry Code.
decimal
See 'base 10'.
direct access
Retrieval or storage of data by a reference to its location on
a disk, rather than relative to the previously retrieved or
stored data.
DIRECT STATEMENT (IN FILE)
A program statement that exists in the disk file that is not
assigned a line number.
DIRECTORY
A table giving the relationships between items of data.
Sometimes a table or an index giving the addresses of data.
displacement
A specified number of sectors, at the top or beginning of the
file, in which the 'bookkeeping’ and file parameters are
stored for later use by various program modules.
distributed free space
Space left empty at intervals in a data lay out to permit the
possible insertion of new data.
double precision
A positive or negative numeric value, 16 digits in length, not
including a decimal point (Example: 99999999999999.99).
DUMP
To transfer all or part of the contents of one section of
computer memory or disk into another section, or to some other
computer device.
embedded pointers
Pointers in the data records rather than in a directory.
entity
Something about which data is recorded.
EOF
Initials for 'end of file’. It is common practice to say that
the EOF is record number nn or that the EOF is byte 15 of
sector 12. Hence, it is a convenient term to use in describing
the location of the last record or last byte in a file.
extent
A contiguous area of data storage.
file
A collection of related records treated as a unit; The word
file is used in the general sense to mean any collection of
informational items similar to one another in purpose, form
and content.
file parameters
The data that describes or defines the structure of the file.
FILESPEC
A file specification and may include the 'file name', the 'the
file name extension', 'password', and 'disk drive'
specification.
field
See ’data item’.
file area
The physical location of the file, on the disk, or in memory.
header record
A record containing common, constant or identifying
information for a group of records which follow.
hexadecimal
See 'base 16’
index
A table used to determine the location of a record.
indirect addressing
Any method of specifying or locating a storage location,
whereby, the key (of itself or through calculation) does not
represent an address. For example, locating an address through
indices,
INSTRING
Refers to the capability of locating a substring of characters
that may exist in another character string. An example would
be: Substring = 'THE' String = 'NOW IS THE TIME'. An INSTRING
routine would locate the substring and return its starting
position within that string. In this example, it would return
a value of eight.
integer
A natural or whole number with no decimal point..
inverted file
A file structure which permits fast spontaneous searching for
previous unspecified information. Independent lists or indices
are maintained in records' keys which are accessible according
to the values of specific fields.
inverted list
A list organized by a secondary key HMD not a primary key.
IPL
Initials for Initialize Program Loader; a program usually
executed upon pressing of the 'RESET’ button.
key
A data item used to identify or locate a record or other data
grouping.
label
A set of symbols used to identify or describe an item, record,
message or file. Occasionally, it may be the same as the
address in storage.
least significant byte
The significant byte contributing the smallest quantity to the
value of a numeral.
list
An ordered set of data items. A 'chain'.
load module
A program developed for loading into storage and being
executed when control is passed to the program.
logical
An adjective describing the form of data organization,
hardware or system that is perceived by an application
program, programmer, or user; it may be different than the
real (physical) form.
logical data-base description
A schema. A description of the overall data-base structure, as
perceived for the users, which is employed by the data base
management software.
logical file
A file as perceived by an application program; it may be in a
completely different form from that in which it is stored on
the storage units.
logical operator
A mathematical symbol that represents a mathematical process
to be performed on an associated operand. Such operators are
’AND’, 'OR’, 'NOT’, ’AND NOT’ and ’OR NOT'.
logical record
A record or data item as perceived by an application program;
it may be in a completely different form from that in which it
is stored on the storage units.
LSB
See least significant byte.
machine-language
See assembly language.
maintenance of a file
(1) The addition, deletion, changing or updating of records in
the database.
(2) Periodic reorganization of a file to better accommodate
items that have been added.
monitor
A program that may supervise the operation of another program
for operation or debugging or other purposes.
most significant byte
The significant byte contributinq the greatest quantity to the
value of a numeral.
MSB
See most significant byte.
multiple-key retrieval
Retrieval which requires searches of data based on the values
of several key fields (some or all of which are secondary
keys).
nibble
The four right most or left most binary digits of a byte.
null
An absence of information as contrasted with zero or blank for
the presence of no information.
on-line
An on-line system is one in which the input data enter the
computer directly from their point of origin, and/or output
data are transmitted directly to where they are used. The
intermediate stages such as writing tape, loading disks or
off-line printing are avoided.
on-line storage
Storage devices and especially the storage media which they
contain under the direct control of a computing system, not
off-line or in a volume library.
operating system
Software which enables a computer to supervise its own
operations, automatically calling in programs, routines,
language and data as needed for continuous throughput of
different types of jobs.
parity
Parity relates to the maintenance of a sameness of level or
count, i.e., keeping the same number of binary ones in a
computer word to thus be able to perform a check based on an
even or odd number for all words under examination.
physical
An adjective, contrasted with logical, which refers to the
form in which data or systems exist in reality. data is often
converted by software from the form in which it is physically
stored to a form in which a user or programmer perceives it.
physical data base
A data base in the form in which it is stored on the storage
media, including pointers or other means of interconnecting
it. Multiple logical data bases may be derived from one or
more physical data bases.
physical record
A collection of bits that are physically recorded on the
storage medium and which are read or written by one machine
input/output instruction.
pointer
The address or a record (or other data groupings) contained in
another record so that a program may access the former record
when it has retrieved the latter record. The address can be
absolute, relative, symbolic, hence, the pointer is referred
to as absolute, relative, or symbolic.
primary entry
The main entry made to the directory.
random access
To obtain data directly from any storage location regardless
of its position, with respect to the previously referenced
information. Also called 'direct access'.
random access storage
A storage technique in which the time required to obtain
information is independent of the location of the information
most recently obtained.
read
To accept or copy information or data from input devices or a
memory register; i.e., to read out, to read in.
record
A group of related fields of information treated as a unit by
an application program.
relational operator
A mathematical symbol that represents a mathematical process
to perform a comparison describing the relationship between
two values (e.g. < less than . . . .> greater than .
equal . . . and combinations thereof).
search
To examine a,series of items for any that have a desired
property or properties.
secondary index
An index composed of secondary keys rather than primary keys.
sector
The smallest addressable portion of storage on a diskette.
seek
To position the access mechanism of a direct-access storage
device at a specified location.
sequential access
Access in which records must be read serially or sequentially
one after the other; i.e., ASCII files, tape.
single precision
A positive or negative numerical value of 6 digits in length,
not including a decimal point (Example: 99999.9).
sort
To arrange a file or data in a sequence by a specified key
(may be alphabetic or numeric and in descending or ascending
order).
source code
The text from which executable code is derived.
system file
A program used by the operating system to manage the executing
program and/or the computer's resources.
sub-strings
See INSTRING
table
A collection of data suitable for quick reference, each item
being uniquely identified either by a label or its relative
position.
tally
To add or subtract a digit from a quantity.
token
A one byte code representing a larger word consisting of 2 or
more characters.
track
The circular recording surface transcribed by a read/write
head on the disk.
transaction
An input record applied to an established file. The input
record describes some "event" that will either cause a new
file record to be generated, an existing record to be changed
or an existing record to be deleted.
transparent
Complexities that are hidden from the programmers or users
(made transparent to them) by the software.
vector
A line representing the properties of magnitude and direction.
Since such a 'line' can be described in mathematical terms, a
mathematical description (expressed in numbers, of course) of
a given 'direction' and ’magnitude' is referred to as a
'vector'.
verify
To check a data transfer or transcription.
working storage
A portion of storage, usually computer main memory, reserved
for the temporary results of operations.
write
To record information on a storage device.
zap
To change a byte or bytes of data in memory on on diskette by
using a software utility program.
INDEX
INDEX
* = Discussion
# = Proqram listing
-A-
AC Power 41
Adapter Board, 34 to 50 pin #35,138
Aerocomp 127
Alternate Source 100
Ampere, Andre 74
Analogue Signal 79
Analytical Machine 74
Android/Nim 108
Apparat Inc. 93,128
AUX Input 27,28
ASCII 18,107
Assembler 8
Assembly Language *8
Asynchronous Transmission #76
AUTO (various DOSes) 11,96
Auto Switch 16,97,101,104,107
-B-
Babbage, Charles 74
BACKUP 11
Basic *8
- interpreter 91
Baud 19,28,*75
- rate switches 80-81
Baudot 75
Boot sector 10
Bootstrap loader 10
BREAK (key) 16
BUILD (Dosplus 3.4) 11,96
-C-
CAPS LOCK *17
Carrier Wave 79
Cassette Interface 9,*27
- specifications 116
Cassette Recorder 27,28
Cathode Ray Tube 22
Central Processing Unit *6,18
- specifications 111
Centronics 71
CHAINBLD/BAS 103
Character
- size 26
- position 48,58
CHARM 12,25,26
CLOAD 29
CLEAR 17
Clock ll
Color
- test program 44
- field 66
- mapping 107
Community College 87
Compatibility 106
Computer *6
Computer Languagea *7
CONFIG (Dosplus 3.4) 96,97
Configuration Switches 81,82,83,84
CONTROL key 16
CONVERT (Dosplus 3.4) 106
CONV2 (Dosplus 3.4) 107
COPY (Newdos80) 11,98,99,101
CRAVE (Basic) 29
Cup (tea or coffee?) 74
Cursor 24
-D-
Data Communications Equipment 77,80
Data Terminal Equipment 77
DB25 socket 71,80
Debug ll
DEFKEY 18
Digital Signal 79
DIN Plug 27
Dip Switches 80
DIR 11
Directory 10
Disk Basic 5
Disk
- care 40
- description 38
- eight inch 95,97
- system 102
Disk Controller *20 Disk Drives *33-38
- configuring 5 1/4" 128
- configuring 8" 131-138
- connecting 5 1/4" 34
- connecting 8" 35
- double sided 127
- MPI 129
- Qume 134
- selection 126
- Shugart 128,133-134
- Siemens/Wangco 130
- Tandon 130,136
- Teac 130
- tutorial 125
Disk Interface *33
specifications 115
Disk Operating System 5,*10-ll,33,91,*82-105
Diskzap 11,16,138
DO 11,103
Documentation 92
DOSPLUS (various versions)
5,9,17,32,71,84,9l,92,93,94, 95-96,97,104,106,128,138
- and LNWbasic 96
- system disk 138
Double density 20,93,95,98-99,128
-E-
EAR Input 27,28
Earphone Jack 30
Electric Pencil 12,17,32
Electronic Industries Association 74
Electrons 120
ENTER 15
Environment 87
Expansion Port 20
Extender Cable 34,035
-F-
Farvour, James 72
Files 10
Five/Eight Switch *37-38,102
F1,F2 keys 17
FORMAT (various DOSes) ll
-G-
Graphics *47-69
- cell 48
- characters 25
- machine language 57
- modes 47
- mode 0 *47.58
- mode 1 *48,60
- mode 2 *50,63
- mode 3 *50-54,64
- mode control 57
RAM, accessing 59
- test 46
-H-
Half-bit 83
Handshaking 77
High Memory 87
- protection 91
High/Low Switch *16,19,28,94,97,101,103,104,107
- test 46
Housekeeping 90
-I-
Input/Output devices *6
Input/Output panel *20,#21,80,101
Interpreter 8
Inverse video *25,57
-K-
Keyboard 6,*15
- specifications 111
KILL (various DOSes) 11.
-L-
Left Arrow 17
Level 2 5,90,91
Ldos (various versions) 5,32,93,95,*103-105,128
- and LNWbasic 104
LDOSPATCH 104,105
Library 10
Line Count 72
Line Printer
- adjusting printer controls 73
- availability 72
- interface 70,71
- parallel 70,71
- serial 70,*77,87
- specifications for interface 116
LLIST 71
LNWBasic 5,9,17,84,95,96,106,107
- specifications 117
LNDoubler 5/8 93,102,128
Logical Systems Inc 103,105
Lower Case Program 32
LPATCH/CMD 105
LPRINT 71
LX80 Interface 93,103,104
-M-
MAP/BAS (LNWBasic) 107-110
Memory *7
- bank switching 60
- size? 41,91
- specifications 111
- ,text 64
- test 45
utilization 90
MIC Input 27,28
Microsoft 18,72
- Basic interpreter specifications 112
Modem *78-80
- status register 85
Modulation 79
Monitor 22,23, *122-124
- adjustment 42
- monochrome *122-123
- NSTC Composite Video Color *123
- RGB (Red Green Blue) *123-124
Morse, Samuel 74
Multidos 32,93,95, *105
-N-
Newdos (various versions) 5,16,32,92,93,94,95,*97-103
- and disk drive setup 99-103
- and LNWbasic 103
Noise 82
NTSC 22
color 44
-0-
Object code 8
Omikron 105,128
Operating system *10-11
OS-Dos 94
Outside Interference . 121
Overlays 7,92
-P-
Page Length 71
Parallel Printer 19
- see also Line Printer
Parity 81,82,84
PDRIVE (Newdos80) 97-102
PEEK (Basic) 72
Percom Data Co. 93,127
Per tec 127
Pixel 47
POINT (Basic) 66
Power Supply 121
Power Up *41
- Malfunctions 42
Power Off 45
Prompt 24
Pulled Pin Drive Cables 126
-Q-
Quickey (LNWBasic) 17
-R-
Radio Frequency modulator 22
Radio Shack 27,91,93
Random Access Memory *19,91
Read Only Memory *18,90
Real Time Clock 117
Receiving (RS232) 81
Red Green Blue 22,023
- monitor 45,50-52
RESET key 15,66
RGB (see Red Green Blue)
Right Arrow 17
ROM (see Read Only Memory)
Rubber Pinch Roller 28,30
Run-Time 7
RS232 5,19,*74-89
- & Serial printer 77
- specifications 116
-S-
Screen #61
- inner 6 extension 62
Scrolling *24
Scrolls 6
Sector 39
Serial Printer (see Line Printer)
Serial Terminal Program (see Terminal Program)
SHIFT key *17
Shooting Trouble 120
Shugart 125,127
Spool 11
Start Bits 81
Stop Bits 81,83
Superbasic 105
Synchronization Pattern 29
SYSTEM (Newdos80) 97
-T-
Tape 27,28
Tape Noise 28
Teletypes 82
Terminal Emulation Capability 116
Terminal Program
- assembly language 85
- BASIC 87
Termination 125,131,134
Text Characters *25
Tone Control 30
Tracks 39
Transfer Speed 28,30
Transmitting (RS232) 81
Trouble Shooting see Shooting Trouble
Trsdos (various versions) 5,16,92,93,94,95,103
TRS80
- Model I 17,80,81,92,94,107,*125
- Model lI 106,107
- Model III 106,107
- Extended Color Basic 110
TV 22
-U-
UART (see Universal Asynchronous Transmitter Receiver)
Ultrados 94
Universal Asynchronous Transmitter Receiver 80,81,*83-84
- control register 84
- receive register 85
- status register 85
Utility programs 11
-V-
Video display 6,*22
- specifications 113
- output specifications 114
Visicalc 17
Voltage Fluctuations 121
Vtos 32,93,94
-W-
Wait States 46
Word Length 81,82
-Y-
Yen 17
-Z-
Z80A Microprocessor 6,*18,111
USER'S RESPONSE SHEET
manual Title: The LNW80 Owner's Manual
Manual Date: October, 1982 Date of This Letter:
User's Name: Telephone ( )
Company: Office/Dept.:
Street Address:
City/State/Zip Code:
Please list any discrepancy found in this manual by page,
paragraph, figure or table number in the following space.
If there are any other suggestions that you wish to make,
feel free to include them. Thank you.
manual Location Comment/Suggestion
-
FOLD ON TWO LINES (LOCATED ON REVERSE SIDE), STAPLE AND MAIL
FOLD
PLACE POSTAGE
HERE
LNW RESEARCH CORP. 2620 WALNUT AVE.
TUSTIN, CA. 92680
ATT: PUBLICATIONS DEPT.
FOLD
TOC
